posterior pituitary gland การใช้

• Oxytocin is also produced in the posterior pituitary gland.
• The first pair are small protein hormones, secreted by the pineal gland and posterior pituitary gland respectively.
• They showed this to be the case by studying vasopressin secretion from the isolated posterior pituitary gland in vitro.
• AVP is an antidiuretic hormone produced in the hypothalamus and stored in and released from the posterior pituitary gland.
• Oxytocin and vasopressin are the only known hormones released by the human posterior pituitary gland to act at a distance.
• It is a 60-amino acid polypeptide produced in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary gland.
• The posterior pituitary gland produces anti-diuretic hormone ( ADH ), which controls outflow of water from the body by urine.
• By contrast, the hormones of the posterior pituitary gland are secreted into the systemic circulation directly from the nerve endings of hypothalamic neurons.
• Alcohol also limits the production of vasopressin ( ADH ) from the hypothalamus and the secretion of this hormone from the posterior pituitary gland.
• Suckling by the baby stimulates the paraventricular nuclei and supraoptic nucleus in the hypothalamus, which signals to the posterior pituitary gland to produce oxytocin.
• Oxytocin and vasopressin can, thus, be released within the brain from these dendrites, as well as into the blood from the terminals in the posterior pituitary gland.
• Stretch receptors are also found around the carotid artery, where they monitor blood pressure and stimulate the release of antidiuretic hormone ( ADH ) from the posterior pituitary gland.
• These hormones are packaged into large vesicles, which are then transported down the unmyelinated axons of the cells and released from neurosecretory nerve terminals residing in the posterior pituitary gland.
• The RAS also acts on the CNS to increase water intake by stimulating thirst, as well as conserving blood volume, by reducing urinary loss through the secretion of vasopressin from the posterior pituitary gland.
• Besides having small optic nerves, persons with ONH can have agenesis of the corpus callosum, absence of the septum pellucidum, maldevelopment of the anterior and posterior pituitary gland, and anomalies of the hypothalamus.
• Oxytocin and vasopressin ( also called anti-diuretic hormone ), the two peptide hormones of the posterior pituitary gland ( the neurohypophysis ), are secreted from the nerve endings of magnocellular neuroendocrine cells into the systemic circulation.
• They are named for being secreted by the " neurohypophysis ", i . e . the posterior pituitary gland ( " hypophysis " refers to the pituitary gland ), itself a neuronal projection from the hypothalamus.
• Arginine vasotocin ( AVT ), a hormone produced by neurosecretory cells within the posterior pituitary gland ( neurohypophysis ) of the brain, is a major endocrine regulator of water balance and osmotic homoeostasis and is involved in social and sexual behavior in non-mammalian vertebrates.
• The suckling stimulus also triggers the release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary gland, which triggers milk let-down : Prolactin controls milk production ( lactogenesis ) but not the milk-ejection reflex; the rise in prolactin fills the breast with milk in preparation for the next feed.